On, the war in Europe ended when Germany signed a document of unconditional surrender, and Germany was divided into occupation zones. The Soviets conquered the German capital of Berlin on, and Hitler killed himself Mussolini was killed by partisans in Italy. The final year of the war, 1945, saw the Soviets and Western Allies divide Germany in two after meeting along the Elbe River, while the Soviets and allied partisans liberated the Balkans. In the Pacific, the Americans continued to capture more Japanese-occupied islands, and they liberated several islands in the Philippines. In 1944, the Soviets and Allies both launched offensives against the Axis in Europe, with the Western Allies liberating France and much of Western Europe as the Soviets liberated much of Eastern Europe before halting in central Poland. In 1942-43, the Allies would begin their counterattacks, liberating North Africa from Germany and Italy, knocking Italy out of the war following the invasion of Sicily in July-September 1943, pushing the Germans into the Ukraine and Belarus on the Russian front, and recapturing several occupied islands from the Japanese in the Pacific. The Germans were halted in their advance on the Soviet capital of Moscow in December 1941, the same month as the attack on Pearl Harbor. Several nations joined the Allies, and the Allied Powers would fight to liberate occupied territories across the world from 1941 to 1945. In 1941, the war changed dramatically when Nazi Germany invaded the communist Soviet Union and Japan launched a surprise attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor, with the Germans hoping to destroy communism and the Japanese hoping to prevent the United States from assisting China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Germans pressured weaker dictatorships such as Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria to join the Axis in late 1940 and early 1941, while Japan took advantage of the battle of France to occupy French Indochina, a base from which it could continue its bloody war with China (which had started back in 1937). ![]() In 1939-1940, the Axis took over almost all of Europe, with the Germans invading Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Denmark, and Norway. The war began after German dictator Adolf Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland, an ally of the United Kingdom and France, and Germany would ally with Italy and Japan to carve out large empires across the world. ![]() ![]() The war was fought between the fascist Axis Powers (led by Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the democratic Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, United States, and Soviet Union), with alliances changing as new nations entered the war or switched sides. World War II was a global war that lasted from 1 September 1939 to 2 September 1945, involving the vast majority of the world's nations and all of its great powers over 30 nations took part in the war.
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